Strategi Peningkatan Produktivitas dan Kualitas Durian melalui Budidaya dan Pasca Panen di Desa Kanyoran, Kediri

Abstract

Kanyoran Village in Kediri Regency is one of the major production centres of Durio zibethinus (Montong variety) in East Java, with significant potential for developing this superior commodity. However, in recent years, both the productivity and fruit quality of Montong durian have declined due to high rainfall, which has adversely affected growth, flowering, and fruit development processes. This study aims to identify cultivation and postharvest handling strategies to improve the productivity and quality of Montong durian in Kanyoran Village. A descriptive approach was employed through field observations and interviews with local Montong durian farmers. The results indicated that durian propagation in Kanyoran is predominantly conducted using top-grafting. Farmers utilise liquid organic fertiliser (LOF) from fermented shallot peels and coconut water to mitigate flower and fruit drop. Durian plant maintenance includes pruning, selecting rain-resistant varieties, adjusting planting time, and improving drainage systems to prevent root rot. Harvesting is performed based on physiological maturity indicators, followed by sorting, cleaning, packaging, and storage according to proper postharvest standards. Signs of physiological maturity in durian include the emergence of a characteristic aroma, a dull appearance of the fruit skin, initial cracking of the stalk, and a heavy, muffled sound when tapped. Proper postharvest handling practices help maintain fruit quality until it reaches consumers and enhance the product's market competitiveness. This integrated strategy may serve as a model for increasing the productivity and quality of Montong durian in other regions with similar agroclimatic conditions.

Desa Kanyoran di Kabupaten Kediri merupakan salah satu sentra produksi durian montong di Jawa Timur yang memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan komoditas unggul. Namun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, produktivitas dan kualitas buah durian mengalami penurunan akibat tingginya curah hujan yang berdampak pada proses pertumbuhan, pembungaan, dan pembentukan buah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi stratregi bididaya dan penanganan pascapanen untuk peningkatan produktivitas dan kualitas durian montong di Desa Kanyoran. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara ke petani durian montong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbanyakan durian di Desa Kanyoran dengan sistem sambung pucuk. Petani memanfaatkan pupuk organik cair (POC) rendaman kulit bawang merah dan air kelapa untuk mangatasi kerontokan bunga dan buah. Perawatan tanaman durian meliputi: pemangkasan, pemilihan varietas tahan hujan, pengaturan waktu tanam, serta perbaikan sistem drainase untuk mencegah penyakit busuk akar. Pemanenan durian berdasarkan tingkat kematangan fisiologis, sortasi, pembersihan, pengemasan dan penyimpanan dengan standar yang baik.mencapai tingkat kematangan fisiologis adalah munculnya aroma khas durian, kulit buah tampak kusam, tangkai mulai retak, serta bunyi berat dan teredam saat diketuk. Penanganan pascapanen yang tepat mampu mempertahankan mutu buah hingga sampai ke konsumen dan meningkatkan daya saing produk di pasar. Strategi terintegrasi ini dapat menjadi model dalam peningkatan produktivitas dan kualitas durian montong di wilayah lain dalam kondisi serupa.